There are two approaches for simulating Memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human Memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

The Narratives that have been accepted over time form the collective and historical Memory of a nation or ethnic group gradually. This collective Memory will gradually become inflexible in dealing with other nations or groups. This will become more complicated if two rival groups in one country or region find their entity in gaining a general acceptance of their narrative from common historical realities. In general, myths, historical Narratives, and collective Memory are used as tools for shaping ethnic and national identity in different societies. In fact, this is the positive function of existing Narratives from historical events. But in many areas, and among many ethnic groups, these tools have also been used as a tool for changing the balance of conflicts, especially historical conflicts. In this way, the present study focuses on the dual function of historical Narratives that have been used in important ethnic clashes in the South Caucasus region. These Narratives will be importance in understanding the formation, intensification, and continuity of ethnic-territorial conflicts in this region. Therefore, in this study, to find the answer to this question that: what have been the effect of historical Narratives and collective Memory on the process of ethnic conflicts in the South Caucasus? in addition to examining the role that myths, historical Narratives, and collective Memory have played in shaping ethnic identity in the South Caucasus region, the impact of these factors on intensifying and deepening the most important ethnic conflicts in the region has been studied.

Introduction: Analyzing and interpreting a narrative can provide insight into the occurrence of an event, its causes, and its nature. Therefore, it can be said that Narratives are a way to understand events. Narratives can be based on fact or fiction, but they help people make sense of the world through stories about themselves and others. This highlights the importance of Narratives in shaping actions in the world. From this point of view, the current crisis in Ukraine can be seen as a story in which both Russia and Ukraine are trying to present their Narratives of the history, causes, and methods of their conflict. The purpose of this research is to examine the narrative dimensions of this crisis from the point of the view of Putin and Zelensky, who are its main narrators. To achieve this, data will be collected and then analyzed from the statements of the leaders of Russia and Ukraine.Research question: The question of the article based on the relationship between the narrative and the dynamics of contradiction is: what factor has made the crisis in Ukraine prolonged and inevitable?Research hypothesis: hypothesis is that conflicting Narratives as incompatible ideological and identity beliefs by the leaders of Russia and Ukraine is the inevitable ground of the conflict and has become one of the long-term crises.Methodology and theoretical framework: The theoretical approach of the article is narrative analysis. The reason for choosing this theory is that Narratives shape our understanding of ourselves and even create the physical world. The research method for this article is qualitative content analysis. In this method, the main concepts of the subject are extracted based on the selected theoretical approach. In the next step, these concepts are interpreted as research data by referring to the words and opinions of Putin and Zelensky as the ruling elite. This method is a good way to achieve the research goal because it seeks to understand the opinion and infer the specific characteristics of a crisis.Results and Discussion: Certainly, the history of the Ukraine crisis dates back to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. But the turning point and the beginning of the conflict of this crisis was in early 2014, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. Although this annexation was the beginning of a military conflict, on the political side, the first friction was caused by Viktor Yanukovych decision against Ukraine's agreement with the European Union in 2013. Since then, political movements in favor of a nationalist approach to opposing Russian influence led to a period of protests against Yanukovych government and ultimately to his ouster from power in 2014. After this period, Ukraine's tendency towards the West increased the tension between this country and Russia. Therefore, in the post- Soviet period, while Ukraine was following policies to consolidate its independence, the Russian Federation sought to control Soviet geography, which was defined as the foreign country close to the Russian Federation. These foreign policy goals, carried out by the two countries, have caused security duality against each other and the emergence of some crises. In defining this security dilemma, the narrative of the elites of these two countries has always played a fundamental role. Narratives are often used by the ruling elite to incite society and resort to war and violence against others. In addition to the reconstructing the identities that make conflict possible, another key condition in the escalation of conflict, is the role of elites who mobilize identities and Narratives for war. According to this role of leaders, Putin's narrative of preventive war, removal of threats and nationalism, delegitimization, negativity and victimization have formed the three elements of his narrative to legitimize and justify the attack on Ukraine, while Zelensky, on the other hand, in response to Putin's narrative, has presented an opposite narrative of inversion, marginalization, and contradiction and has declared his narrative fictional.Conclusion: The Narratives of Russia and Ukraine have been formed in such a way that these Narratives do not allow for mutual understanding or a short-term solution to the crisis, and that only a tragedy or miracle can end the war. Consequently, as long as the conflicting Narratives remain unchanged and less conflicting Narratives replace them, even if the current crisis temporarily subsides, it is still waiting to happen again. The structure of both sides’ Narratives shows that Putin's story is based on both material elements and normative-identity, but the dominant and provocative narrative is based on material and geopolitical elements. On the other hand, Ukrainian Narratives have a normative and identity nature due to their connection with Western Narratives and formation against Russian Narratives.

Background & Objective: In addition to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, the hippocampus contains Astrocytes that play important roles in regulating ion flux currents, energy production, neurotransmitter release and Memory. Learning needs some instrument for information storage and information maintenances mechanisms resemble to Memory. The aim of this study was determination of spatial Memory effect on the number of astrocytes in rat’s hippocampus.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, with usage of Morris Water Maze and Reference Memory technique, we used 10 male albino wistar rats. 5 rats were in control group and 5 rats in Reference Memory group. After histological preparation, the slides were stained with PTAH staining for showing the Astrocytes. Results: The findings of this study showed significant difference in astrocytes number in CA1, CA2 and CA3 area of hippocampus between control and reference Memory group. The mean and SD of astrocytes in CA1, CA2 and CA3 of reference Memory group were 118.57±25.29, 58.91±23.59 and 116.6±31.14, that they are more than control group with 49±17.29 in CA1, 48.8±25.21 in CA2 and 41.95±11.22 in CA3. Conclusion: We concluded that the number of astrocytes increased due to spatial learning (e.g. reference Memory method).

In this paper the typology of war Narratives is done by using Michael Foucault's theoretical framework of archaeology and borrowing his concepts in exposing the limits of knowledge and emphasizing on the possibility of different ways of thinking to achieve a new knowledge in order to focus on four matters:1. To explain the present situation of war Narratives by referring to what has passed in war Narratives since the war.2. To bring a cut in the improvisation of these Narratives by historical research on the present situation of war Narratives in practical and mental habits of its targeted people.3. To bring about the mental possibility -as an introductory to a practical possibility- of some other different Narratives of war by using this cut.4. To persuade the minds to think differently on war by the help of war Narratives in this way.

Referring to hadiths in understanding religious teachings is a familiar practice in religious thought,From the very beginning of Islam, Muslim scholars referred to hadiths to understand the depth of religion. Therefore, when it comes to benefiting from hadiths in a specific field of knowledge such as medicine, the use of its content becomes particularly important and the necessity of an expert look at the subject. Arises. Today, due to the general popularity and extreme approaches to traditional and Islamic medicine, we are witnessing the occurrence of unfortunate consequences in the field of public health, which can cast doubts on all religious propositions,Although the approach of scholars is different when faced with different medical traditions, the majority of Muslim scholars consider it necessary to present narrations based on the rules of criticism and refinement of hadith. And considering the many challenges and complexities that exist in this type of narrations, it is necessary for experts to review them. In this article, by examining the point of view of hadith scholars, the documentary and textual foundations of the validity of medical narrations have been examined, and in the documentary validity of medical narrations, Islamic scholars agree on the acceptance of frequent medical narrations that are subject to evidence of authenticity, and the validity of medical narrations that are not subject to evidence. which was narrated by Thaqa, like other hadiths, they are divided into two categories and there are differences of opinion. Considering the experimental nature of the subject of medicine, the criterion of non-contradiction with experience and scientific findings is particularly important among the general criteria of text criticism. We also mentioned some of the criteria in the external criticism, the criteria that can be helpful in solving the complexities of this category of narrations, such as measuring the authenticity of the narration and books and checking the health of the narration in terms of distortion and correctness, intersection and transfer in meaning.

The nature and roots of European integration as one of the most successful models of post-integration after World War II، Due to its role in reducing conflict and the spread of peace between European countries، and because of the importance and role of the European Union in the current international system، It has always been a matter of interest from scholars and political theorists. Although various national، regional، and international variables were effective in the post-war European integration، the variable that we referred to in this article was the role of identity components in expanding cooperation and integration between European countries. The main question of this study is how does European integration create a European identity and promote peace in post-war Europe? The research hypothesis is that the European Union has been a project to save European countries based on Mythology and antagonism. The findings of the research show that European identity is a political and discursive and the result of the deconstruction of the discourse of national identity and its nodal point، Mythologies such as unity in diversity، cosmopolitan Europe and exceptionalism، as well as antagonism In order to reduce internal conflicts among European countries.

Autobiographies are not merely literary productions but mental functions, stories continuously narrated, owned and believed by the self. By broadening the locus of autobiography from literary productions to mental functions, the connection between its Greek constituent parts: autos (self), bios (life), and graphé,(writing), can be clarified and new vantage points become possible for studying the self and its narrative framing. In the genre of autobiography Vladimir Nabokov’, s Speak, Memory stands out in unraveling the ways in which Memory speaks the self. The free indirect style voice of narration and bridging the epistemic gap between the past and the present, both innate to the act of remembering, are masterly used by Nabokov. This article, following Mark Rowlands’,approach to Memory, studies Speak, Memory in order to explore the narrative structure of autobiographical Memory and the constitution of the autobiographical sense of self. Thisstudy argues that in Speak, Memory, the self emerges as a narrative thematic pattern across time by being purported in, and at the same time transcending clusters of first-personal Narratives that reconstruct the past.

Aim: The aim of this research was the cloning and sequencing of gamma tocopherol methyl transferase gene ( g-tmt) from Memory 1 cv and transferring it into an oilseed plant such as canola, in the future studies for improving its nutritional value.Material and Methods: Total RNA was extracted from tomato fruit and cDNA constructed. By using specific primers the g-tmt gene was amplified by PCR reaction and a 1089 bp fragment was produced. The amplified fragment and the pBluescript (SK-) vector were digested by XbaI. The ligation reaction was carried out by T4 ligase. E. coli competent cells were transformed by the resulting vector and recombinant colonies were identified using the white-blue screening assay.Results: The nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined and aligned with the available sequences recorded in the NCBI data bank. This sequence showed 98% similarity with the other recorded g-tmts from Solanaceae family. Some changes in nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acids were observed. The secondary and tertiary structures of the protein were predicted, using PSIpred software. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed for the protein product of the gene, using ClustalW.Conclusion: The cloned cDNA of g-tmt showed 98 % similarity with the recorded sequence from tomato cv Cerasiforme. Upon transfer of this gene into an oil seed plant such as canola, one can increase both its nutritional value and resistance to environmental stresses.